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### C Programming
##### Basic Syntax
- Comments
// This is a single-line comment
/* This is a
multi-line comment */
- Variables
// Declaration and initialization
int x = 10;
// Declaration without initialization
float y;
- Data Types
|Data Type| Description|
| --- | --- | --- |
|int| Integer
|float| Floating point number
|double| Double precision floating point number
|char| Character
|bool| Boolean
|Operators|
|Operator| Description
|=| Assignment|
|+| Addition|
|-| Subtraction|
|*| Multiplication|
|/| Division|
|%| Modulus| (remainder after division)
|==| Equality|
|!=| Inequality|
|<| Less than|
|>| Greater than|
|<=| Less than or equal to|
|>=| Greater than or equal to|
|&&| Logical AND|
|`
|!| Logical NOT|
Control Structures
Conditional Statements
c
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if (condition) {
// code block to execute if condition is true
} else if (anotherCondition) {
// code block to execute if anotherCondition is true
} else {
// code block to execute if neither condition is true
}
Loops
For Loop
c
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for (initialization; condition; update) {
// code block to execute repeatedly while condition is true
}
While Loop
c
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while (condition) {
// code block to execute repeatedly while condition is true
}
Do-While Loop
c
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do {
// code block to execute at least once
} while (condition);
Switch Statements
c
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switch (expression) {
case value1:
// code block to execute if expression equals value1
break;
case value2:
// code block to execute if expression equals value2
break;
default:
// code block to execute if expression does not equal any specified value
break;
}
Functions
c
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// Function prototype
returnType functionName(argumentType argumentName);
// Function definition
returnType functionName(argumentType argumentName) {
// code block to execute
return returnValue;
}
Arrays
c
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// Declaration and initialization
int arrayName[size] = {value1, value2, value3};
// Accessing elements
int element = arrayName[index];
Pointers
c
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// Declaration and initialization
int *pointerName = &variableName;
// Accessing value through pointer
int value = *pointerName;`
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