Add information about keys/commands #TODO: fix formatting of the text

1 files changed, 380 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tools/vim.md b/tools/vim.md
index bc4ff5a..6470add 100644
--- a/tools/vim.md
+++ b/tools/vim.md
@@ -11,3 +11,383 @@ or
   :%w !pbcopy # copy the whole file 
   :r !pbpaste # paste from the clipboard 
 ```
+# To open the current window in a new tab (maximize) with the cursor in the same place, enter
+    :tab sp or <Ctrl-w>T
+        # which splits the current window into a new tab.
+
+# To close the current window, press
+    <Ctrl-w>c
+        # That will close the newly opened tab.
+
+# To make a file executable
+    :! chmod +x %
+
+# Shortcut command to backup current file
+    :!cp % %.backup
+
+# Use hjkl... at vim's command history mode by using <C-f> or even go straight into it with <q:>
+    :<C-f>
+        # can exit by pressing <enter>
+
+# Split existing buffer into a horizontal/vertical window
+    :sb#
+    :vert sb#
+
+# Search and Replace, The :substitute command searches for a text pattern, and replaces it with a text string. There are many options, but these are what you probably want:
+    :s/foo/bar/g
+        # Find each occurrence of 'foo' (in the current line only), and replace it with 'bar'.
+    :%s/foo/bar/g
+        # Find each occurrence of 'foo' (in all lines), and replace it with 'bar'.
+    :%s/foo/bar/gc
+        # Change each 'foo' to 'bar', but ask for confirmation first.
+    :%s/\<foo\>/bar/gc
+        # Change only whole words exactly matching 'foo' to 'bar'; ask for confirmation.
+    :%s/foo/bar/gci
+        # Change each 'foo' (case insensitive due to the i flag) to 'bar'; ask for confirmation.
+    :%s/foo\c/bar/gc is the same because \c makes the search case insensitive.
+        # This may be wanted after using :set noignorecase to make searches case sensitive (the default).
+    :%s/foo/bar/gcI
+        # Change each 'foo' (case sensitive due to the I flag) to 'bar'; ask for confirmation.
+
+# Create a new file named filename in the same directory as the currently open file, and write it.
+    :e %:h/filename
+
+
+# VIM KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
+
+### MOVEMENT
+```
+h        -   Move left
+j        -   Move down
+k        -   Move up
+l        -   Move right
+$        -   Move to end of line
+0        -   Move to beginning of line (including whitespace)
+^        -   Move to first character on line
+gg       -   Move to first line of file
+G        -   Move to last line of file
+
+w        -   Move forward to next word, with cursor on first character (use W to jump by whitespace only)
+b        -   Move backward to next word, with cursor on first character (use B to jump by whitespace only)
+e        -   Move forward to next word, with cursor on last character (use E to jump by whitespace only)
+ge       -   Move backwards to next word, with cursor on last character (use gE to jump by whitespace only)
+(        -   Move to beginning of previous sentence. Use ) to go to next sentence
+{        -   Move to beginning of previous paragraph. Use } to go to next paragraph
++        -   Move forward to the first character on the next line
+-        -   Move backwards to the first character on the previous line
+
+CTRL+u   -   Move up by half a page
+CTRL+d   -   Move down by half a page
+CTRL+b   -   Move up by a page
+CTRL+f   -   Move down by a page
+
+H        -   Move cursor to header (top) line of current visible window
+M        -   Move cursor to middle line of current visible window
+L        -   Move cursor to last line of current visible window
+
+fc       -   Move cursor to next occurrence of character c on the current line. Use Fc to move backwards
+tc       -   Move cursor till next character c on the current line. Use Tc to move backwards
+%        -   Move cursor to next brace, bracket or comment paired to the current cursor location
+
+*        -   Search forward for word under cursor
+#        -   Search backwards for word under cursor
+/word    -   Search forward for word. Accepts regular expressions to search
+?word    -   Search backwards for word. Accepts regular expressions to search
+n        -   Repeat the last / or ? command
+N        -   Repeat the last / or ? command in the opposite direction
+```
+
+### NORMAL MODE -> INSERT MODE
+```
+i        -   Enter insert mode to the left of the cursor
+a        -   Enter insert mode to the right of the cursor
+I        -   Enter insert mode at first character of current line
+A        -   Enter insert mode at last character of current line
+
+o        -   Insert line below current line and enter insert mode
+O        -   Insert line above current line and enter insert mode
+
+cm       -   Delete (change) the character or word (w) in motion m, then enter insert mode
+cc       -   Delete current line and enter insert mode (unlike dd which leaves you in normal mode)
+C        -   Delete (change) from cursor to end of line, and enter insert mode
+```
+
+### DELETION
+```
+x        -   Delete character forward (under cursor). use x do delete backwards (before cursor)
+r        -   Replace single character under cursor, and remain in normal mode
+s        -   Delete character under cursor, then switch to insert mode
+
+dm       -   Delete in direction of movement m. For m, you can also use w, b, or any other variation
+dd       -   Delete entire current line
+D        -   Delete until end of line
+```
+
+### YANK & PUT
+```
+y        -   Yank (copy) highlighted text
+yy       -   Yank current linepPut (paste) yanked text below current line
+yw       -   Yank a word from the cursor
+ynw      -   Yank n words from the cursor
+y$       -   Yank till the end of the line
+P        -   Put yanked text above current line
+J        -   Join current line with the next line. Use gJ to exclude join-position space
+xp       -   Transpose two letters (delete and paste, technically)
+```
+
+### VISUAL MODE
+```
+v        -   Enter visual mode and highlight characters
+V        -   Enter visual mode and highlight lines
+CTRL+v   -   Enter visual block mode and highlight exactly where the cursor moves
+o        -   Switch cursor from first & last character of highlighted block while in visual mode
+~        -   Swap case under selection
+<<       -   Shift lines to left
+>>       -   Shift lines to right
+
+vat      -   Highlight all text up to and including the parent element
+vit      -   Highlight all text up to the parent element, excluding the element
+vac      -   Highlight all text including the pair marked with c (like va<, va' or va")
+vic      -   Highlight all text inside the pair marked with c
+```
+
+### MARKING
+```
+ma        -   Set a marker a at cursor position to come back to later. a can be any character you choose
+mb        -   Set a marker b at current position
+`a        -   Move cursor to exact position of the marker you set with ma
+'a        -   Move cursor to the first character of the line marked with ma
+
+d'a       -   Delete from current line to line of mark a
+d`a       -   Delete from current cursor position to position of mark a
+c'a       -   Change text from current line to line of mark a
+y`a       -   Yank text to unnamed buffer from cursor to position of mark a
+
+:marks 	  -   List all the current marks
+:marks ab -   List marks a, b
+
+'a,'bs/test/foo/g - Search and replace test with foo between markers a and b
+
+```
+
+### VIM FOLDING
+```
+zf#j      -   creates a fold from the cursor down # lines.
+zf/string -   creates a fold from the cursor to string .
+v{move}zf -   creates a visual select fold
+zf'a      -   creates a fold from cursor to mark a
+
+zo        -   opens a fold at the cursor.
+zO        -   opens all folds at the cursor.
+za        -   Toggles a fold at the cursor.
+zc        -   closes a fold at the cursor.
+zM        -   closes all open folds.
+zd        -   deletes the fold at the cursor.
+zE        -   deletes all folds.
+
+zj        -   moves the cursor to the next fold.
+zk        -   moves the cursor to the previous fold.
+zm        -   increases the foldlevel by one.
+zr        -   decreases the foldlevel by one.
+zR        -   decreases the foldlevel to zero -- all folds will be open.
+[z        -   move to start of open fold.
+]z        -   move to end of open fold.
+
+:set foldmethod=manual         -  default method v{select block}zf to fold
+:set foldmethod=marker         -  use marker fold method {{{
+:set foldemethod=marker/*,*/   -  user custom marker fold method
+:set foldmethod=indent         -  automatically fold programms per its indentation
+```
+
+### MISCELLANEOUS
+```
+u        -   Undo
+U        -   Undo all changes on current line
+CTRL+R   -   Redo
+.        -   Redo
+
+g~       -   switch case under cursor
+g~$      -   Toggle case of all characters to end of line.
+g~~      -   Toggle case of the current line (same as V~).
+gUU      -   switch the current line to upper case
+guu      -   switch the current line to lower case
+
+CTRL+A   -   Increment the number at cursor
+CTRL+X   -   Decrement the number at cursor
+
+.        -   Repeat last change or delete
+;        -   Repeat last f, t, F, or T command
+,        -   Repeat last f, t, F, or T command in opposite direction
+
+vim +10 <file_name>            - opens the file at line 10
+vim +/bash cronjob-lab.yml     - opens the file cronjob-lab.yml on the first occurence of bash
+
+vim scp://balasundaramm@mgmt-bst:22/~/automation/test-file.txt - Edit a remote file via scp
+```
+
+### HISTORY/COMMAND BUFFER
+```
+q:              -   list history in command buffer
+q/              -   search history in command buffer
+CTRL+c CTRL+c   -   close the command buffer
+
+:set list       -   show hidden characters
+
+gg=G            -   Format HTML. Make sure FileType is set to html with :setf html
+CTRL+n          -   Press after typing part of a word. It scrolls down the list of all previously used words
+CTRL+p          -   Press after typing part of a word. It scrolls up the list of all previously used words
+```
+
+### BUFFERS
+```
+:ls (or :buffers)   -   list / show available buffers
+:e filename         -   Edit a file in a new buffer
+:bnext (or :bn)     -   go to next buffer
+:bprev (of :bp)     -   go to previous buffer
+:bdelete (or :bd)   -   unload a buffer (close a file)
+:bwipeout (or :bw)  -   unload a buffer and deletes it
+:b [N]              -   The number of the buffer you are interested to open
+:ball               -   opens up all available buffers in horizontal split window
+:vertical ball      -   opens up all available buffero in vertical split window
+:q                  -   close the buffer window
+:help buffers       -   help for buffers
+:r <file_path>      -   reads a file from the path to the buffer
+:r !<command>       -   reads the output of the command into buffer
+:.! cat <file_path> -   reads the output of the command (eg: cat) into buffer or !! in ex-mode
+```
+
+### TAB VIEWS
+```
+:tabe filename      -   opens the file in newtab
+:tabe new           -   open an empty tab
+:tabs               -   list opened tabs
+:tabc               -   close the active tab
+:tabn and tabp      -   Go to next tab or previous tab
+:tabfirst           -   Go to the first available tab
+:tablast            -   Go to the last available tab
+:help tabpage       -   help for tabs
+
+vim -p *.txt        -   open all txt files in tabs
+```
+
+### TAB NAVIGATION
+```
+gt                  -   go to next tab
+gT                  -   go to previous tab
+{i}gt               -   go to tab in position i
+```
+
+### TAB SHORTCUTS
+```
+CTRL+W T            -   Break out current window into a new tabview
+CTRL+W o            -   Close every window in the current tabview but the current one
+CTRL+W n            -   create a new window in the current tabview
+CTRL+W c            -   Close current window in the current tabview
+```
+
+### WINDOW MANAGEMENT
+```
+#split screen horizontal
+:split filename
+vim -o file1 file2
+
+#split screen vertical
+:vs filename
+or
+:vsplit filename
+vim -O file1 file2
+
+#close current window
+:hide
+
+#Horizontal resize in active window
+:resize 20
+
+#vertical resize
+:vertical resize 20
+
+#diff
+:windo diffthis -  diff between 2 vsplit windows
+:diffs, diffsplit {filename} - diffs the current window with the file given
+:diffoff  - turns off diff selection
+
+
+CTRL+w s       -   Split current window horizontally
+CTRL+w v       -   Split current window vertically
+CTRL+w c       -   Close current window
+CTRL+w m       -   Move to window according to motion m
+CTRL+w o       -   Maxmize current window (note: this overwrites your current window configuration)
+
+# EX Mode
+:Vex           - Open Vertical Split in ex mode with file browser
+:Sex           - Open Vertical Split in ex mode with file browser
+
+```
+
+### MOVING WINDOWS
+```
+CTRL+W r       -   Swap bottom/top if split horizontally
+CTRL+W R       -   Swap top/bottom if split horizontally
+
+CTRL+w r       -   Rotates the windows from left to right - only if the windows are split vertically
+CTRL+w R       -   Rotates the windows from right to left - only if the windows are split vertically
+
+CTRL+w H       -   Move current window the far left and use the full height of the screen
+CTRL+w J       -   Move current window the far bottom and use the full width of the screen
+CTRL+w K       -   Move current window the far top and full width of the screen
+CTRL+w L       -   Move current window the far right and full height of the screen
+```
+
+### NAVIGATE BETWEEN WINDOWS
+```
+CTRL+w CTRL+w  -   switch between windows
+CTRL+w UP      -   Move to the top window from current window
+CTRL+w DOWN    -   Move to the bottom window from current window
+CTRL+w LEFT    -   Move to the left window from current window
+CTRL+w RIGHT   -   Move to the right window from current window
+```
+
+### RESIZING WINDOWS
+```
+#Sometimes windows open up funny or are rendered incorrectly after separating from an external monitor. Or maybe you want to make more room for an important file.
+
+CTRL+w _       -   Max out the height of the current split
+CTRL+w |       -   Max out the width of the current split
+CTRL+w =       -   Normalize all split sizes, which is very handy when resizing terminal
+
+CTRL+w >       -   Incrementally increase the window to the right. Takes a parameter, e.g. CTRL-w 20 >
+CTRL+w <       -   Incrementally increase the window to the left. Takes a parameter, e.g. CTRL-w 20 <
+CTRL+w -       -   Incrementally decrease the window's height. Takes a parameter, e.g. CTRL-w 10 -
+CTRL+w +       -   Incrementally increase the window's height. Takes a parameter, e.g. CTRL-w 10 +
+```
+
+### COMMENT LINES (TCOMMENT PLUGIN)
+```
+CTRL+_ CTRL+_   -   Comment a line using tcomment
+CTRL+V          -   #{Select the block before commenting a block,
+CTRL+_ CTRL+_   -   Comment a block of line using tcomment}
+```
+
+### MODELINE MAGIC
+```
+:set modeline  -    Enable modeline magic or add this option to your .vimrc
+\ml            -    write the modeline based on your settings to the file
+```
+
+### NERDTree Plugin
+```
+CTRL-n              -   Toggle
+
+m                   -   opens the  menu
+?                   -   help
+i                   -   horizontal split
+s                   -   vertical split
+CTRL-w + <-|->      -  (left or right) to navigate
+```
+### PERMISSION OVERRIDE ###
+```
+:w !sudo tee %            -    Allows to override the permission of the written file
+:w !sudo sh -c "cat > %"  -             "                            "
+
+```
+